TEM8 GRE
外刊例句
- Such stories loom large in startup folklore as evidence of entrepreneurial true grit.
这类故事是关于创业公司的传说中重要的篇章，显示了创业者的勇气和毅力。
——《经济学人》 - Then they went off to do grueling work in the factory or they learned toughness and grit in the military.
然后他们会去工厂做苦工，或是在部队里懂得什么叫强硬和坚毅。
——《纽约时报》
基本释义
[noun] courage and determination despite difficulty
[名词] 直面困难的勇气和决心
深入解读
Grit 一词源自原始日耳曼语 greutan （碎石微粒）等，现主要表示“沙粒、沙砾、细沙”，多指冬天铺在路上用来防滑的沙子，比如：
- 他们在结冰的路上撒沙子和盐。
They were spreading grit and salt on the icy roads. - 我眼睛里进了一粒沙子。
I had a piece of grit in my eye.
用作动词时， grit 自然表示“（在结冰的路上）撒沙砾、撒盐、撒沙子”，比如：
- 政务委员会在头天夜里派出卡车在结冰的路面上撒了沙砾。
Council lorries had been out gritting the icy roads the night before.
但对于习语 grit your teeth 来说，就跟沙子没什么直接关系了，而是指“咬紧牙关、咬牙切齿”，既可以用来形容“愤怒”，也可以用来表示“下定决心、鼓起勇气（去应付棘手的局面）”，比如：
- 他气得咬牙切齿，一言不发。
He gritted his teeth in silent fury. - 未来会很艰难，但是我们必须咬牙坚持下去。
There is going to be hardship, but we have to grit our teeth and get on with it.
在这个概念下， grit 还可以作名词表示“勇气、毅力”，强调不会被艰难困难打倒，通常也意味着愿意忍受达到目的所必需经历的痛苦或贫困，比如：
- 面对一个恃强凌弱者奋起反抗确实需要勇气。
It takes true grit to stand up to a bully.
名著用例
Because you're brave enough to tar and feather poor friendless cast-out women that come along here, did that make you think you had grit enough to lay your hands on a MAN?
难道只因为你们敢于给一些不幸的无人顾怜的投奔到此而被逐出家 门的妇女涂上沥青，粘上鸡毛，你们便自以为有那个胆量，敢于在一个男子汉大丈夫的头上动手动脚？
出自美国著名作家马克·吐温的长篇儿童文学作品《哈克贝利·芬历险记》（Adventures of Huckleberry Finn）。该作品是小说《汤姆·索亚历险记》（The Adventures of Tom Sawyer）的续集，为美国文学史上相当重要的作品。
同近义词
- fortitude: courage shown by sb who is suffering great pain or facing great difficulties
- mettle: a person's ability to cope well with difficulties or to face a demanding situation in a spirited and resilient way
- pluck: courage and a strong wish to succeed
