七、肆意践踏他国人权
VII. The United States Wantonly Trampled on Human Rights in Other Countries
美国为了维护自身的国际霸权，奉行单边主义，践踏以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为核心的国际秩序和国际体系。动辄“退群”“毁约”，推卸国际责任，动摇全球互信合作基础；频频“制裁”“动武”，导致世界多地陷入动荡混乱，引发严重人道主义灾难。
In order to maintain its hegemony over the world, the United States pursued unilateralism and trampled on the international order and international system with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter as its core. As a country that was so good at withdrawing from cooperation, breaching commitments, shirking international responsibilities and shaking the foundation for global cooperation, that was always imposing sanctions and resorting to forces, the United States was the culprit plunging many places around the world into disturbances and chaos, and was responsible for humanitarian disasters that followed.
黩武主义制造人权灾难。美国前总统吉米·卡特在2019年6月的一次演讲中指出，美国在242年的建国历史中仅有16年没有打仗，堪称“世界历史上最好战的国家”，美国在过去几十年里一直处于持续的战争之中，包括伊拉克战争、阿富汗战争、叙利亚战争及也门战争等。美国政府发动的多数战争都是单边主义行动，不仅未经联合国安理会授权，也未得到美国国会的批准。这些战争造成了极为严重的人员伤亡和财产损失，导致了惊人的人权灾难。美国布朗大学沃森国际和公共事务研究所2019年发布的研究报告显示，2001年以来，美国发动战争花费的财政开支超过6.4万亿美元，这些战争共造成80.1万人死亡。据统计，阿富汗战争造成超过4万名平民死亡，约1100万人沦为难民；伊拉克战争造成超过20万平民死亡，约250万人沦为难民；叙利亚战争造成超过4万名平民死亡，660万人逃离家园。美国政府还包庇纵容战争罪犯。联合国人权事务高级专员办公室发言人鲁伯特·科尔维尔2019年11月19日在新闻发布会上表示，美国政府赦免了三名被指控犯有战争罪的美国军人，人权高专办对此非常关切。这三起案件涉及严重违反国际人道法的行为，包括枪杀平民和处决被俘的武装团体成员。
Militarism led to human rights disasters. In a speech delivered by former US President Jimmy Carter in June 2019, he pointed out that the United States had only enjoyed 16 years of peace in its 242-year history, making the country “the most warlike nation in the history of the world.” The United States had been at war for decades, the wars in Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Yemen and so on. The majority of the wars started by the United States were unilateral actions, neither authorized by the UN Security Council nor approved by the US Congress. These wars caused large casualties and enormous property loss, leading to appalling human rights disasters. The estimated cost of the United States’ global war on terror since late 2001 stood at $6.4 trillion and it was estimated that up to 801,000 people have died in post-9/11 wars, according to reports released by the Costs of War project based at the Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs at Brown University in 2019. Statistics showed that the Afghanistan war claimed the lives of more than 40,000 civilians and around 11 million Afghan people became refugees. More than 200,000 civilians died in the Iraq war and around 2.5 million became refugees. The death toll of civilians in the Syrian war surpassed 40,000 while 6.6 million fled the country. The US government shielded war criminals and connived at their crimes. On Nov 19, 2019, Rupert Colville, spokesperson for the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, expressed the office’s concern over the US presidential pardons for three US service members who were accused of war crimes. These three cases involved serious violations of international humanitarian law, including the “shooting of a group of civilians and execution of a captured member of an armed group,” Rupert said.
霸凌行径威胁国际机构。2018年9月和2019年3月，美国前国家安全顾问博尔顿和国务卿蓬佩奥分别发出威胁，称如果国际刑事法院调查美国及其盟国的人员，美方将对“直接负责调查”的人员采取禁止入境、冻结资产等报复措施，甚至包括对国际刑事法院进行经济制裁。联合国专家称“这些威胁构成了对国际刑事法院独立性的不正当干涉，可能妨碍国际刑事法院法官、检察官和工作人员履行其专业职责的能力”。联合国专家要求美国必须停止对国际刑事法院的威胁。此前，国际刑事法院的检察官曾向法官申请调查阿富汗战争中交战各方涉嫌犯下的战争罪行，美国军人和情报人员涉嫌在阿富汗和其他多处地点对美方所关押的人员施加“折磨、虐待、侵犯个人尊严、强奸和性暴力”。美国法律人士詹姆斯·戈德斯通评论说，美国政府高官的言论表明，美国政府“只有在符合美国利益时”，才把国际法当一回事。
Bullying actions threatened international institutions. John Bolton, former US national security adviser, and US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, warned in September 2018 and in March 2019 respectively that if the International Criminal Court (ICC) went ahead with investigating personnel from the United States and its allies, the United States would impose retaliatory measures against the personnel that were directly responsible for the investigations such as a ban on their entry to the United States, fund freeze and even economic sanctions on the ICC. “These threats constitute improper interference with the independence of the ICC and could hinder the ability of ICC judges, prosecutors, and staff to carry out their professional duties,” according to UN experts, who insisted that the United States stop threatening the ICC. Previously, ICC prosecutors applied to judges for an investigation into alleged war crimes by all the warring parties in the Afghanistan war. Some US servicemen and intelligence officers were suspected of "torture, cruel treatment, outrages upon personal dignity, rape and sexual abuse" toward detainees in Afghanistan and other places. According to James Goldston, a law expert, the US officials’ remarks had made it clear that the US government only took the international law seriously when it was in the interest of the United States.
单方面制裁严重侵犯他国人权。联合国网站2019年11月7日报道，联合国大会连续28年以压倒性多数通过决议，呼吁美国结束对古巴的经济、商业和金融禁运。联合国2019年5月28日发布的题为《必须终止美利坚合众国对古巴的经济、商业和金融封锁》的秘书长报告指出，美国对古巴长达近60年的经济、商业和金融封锁，是对全体古巴人民人权的大规模、系统性公然侵犯。美国政府应该遵守联合国大会通过的决议，无条件终止对古巴的封锁政策。联合国网站2019年8月8日报道，联合国人权事务高级专员米歇尔·巴切莱特发表声明指出，美国对委内瑞拉实施的单方面制裁，可能最终剥夺该国人民的基本人权，包括其经济权利以及粮食权、健康权。
Unilateral sanctions grossly infringed on human rights in other countries. According to a report on the UN website on Nov 7, 2019, for the 28th consecutive year, the UN General Assembly had adopted a resolution calling for an end to the economic, commercial and financial embargo imposed by the United States against Cuba. According to a report by the United Nations on May 28, 2019 titled “Necessity of ending the economic, commercial and financial embargo imposed by the United States of America against Cuba,” the economic and commercial embargo in almost six decades was a massive, flagrant and systematic violation of the human rights of all Cubans. The report said it is imperative that the government of the United States comply with the resolutions adopted by the international community in the General Assembly and unconditionally end its embargo policy against Cuba. In a statement published by the UN website on Aug 8, 2019, High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet pointed out that the unilateral sanctions imposed by the United States on Venezuela would have far-reaching implications on the rights to health and to food in a country where there were already serious shortages of essential goods.
拒绝承担国际义务。近年来，美国出于一己之私，相继退出了联合国人权理事会、联合国教科文组织、全球移民协议等多边机制，成为国际治理体系的规则破坏者和麻烦制造者。美国有线电视新闻网2019年11月4日报道，美国向联合国提交了撤回的正式通知，宣布正式退出《巴黎气候协定》。该举措向世界传递的信息是：尽管气候变化的破坏性影响日益显著，美国将不会承担应对全球变暖危机的任何国际责任。
The United States refused to fulfill its international obligations. In recent years, the United States withdrew from multilateral mechanisms out of its own interest, including the UN Human Rights Council, the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, and the UN Global Compact on Migration, breaking rules and making troubles to the international governance system. CNN reported on its website on Nov 4, 2019 that the United States submitted formal notification of its withdrawal from the Paris climate accord. It sent a powerful message to the rest of the world that “as the damaging impacts of climate change become more apparent, the United States ... will not be a part of the international charge to solve the crisis,” the report said.
知者自知，明者自明。长期以来，美国一边自欺欺人标榜自己是所谓的“人权楷模”，一边肆无忌惮在人权问题上玩弄双重标准，将人权作为维护自身霸权的工具，合则用之，不合则弃。事实胜于雄辩。今日之美国，不仅国内人权问题缠身、痼疾难除，而且在全球事务中恣意妄为，践踏他国人权，导致生灵涂炭。美国这种损人害己的行径严重违背国际道义和人类良知，为一切善良和正义的人们所不齿。我们奉劝美国当局，还是收敛一下自己的傲慢与偏见吧！切实正视、检视自身存在的严重人权问题，并采取措施加以改进，而不是对别的国家指手画脚、说三道四。
People have discerning eyes. The United States has long been deceitfully touting itself as a so-called “role model” for upholding human rights, while flagrantly playing with double standards on human rights issues. Human rights, viewed by the United States as a tool to maintain its hegemony, have been championed or violated by it according to its own needs. Actions speak louder than words. The United States, a country preoccupied with human rights problems at home, unscrupulously tramples on the human rights of people in other countries, resulting in untold sufferings. Such hurtful acts are a grave violation of international morality and human conscience and are despised by all people who hold on to kindness and justice. We advise the US authorities to restrain their arrogance and prejudice, make a clear-eyed examination of the United States' own human rights problems and fix them, instead of pointing fingers at other countries and making irresponsible remarks.
