近日，经济合作与发展组织（OECD）公布了2018年国际学生评估项目（PISA2018）测试结果。
The latest 2018 Program for International Student Assessment, hosted every three years by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, found that 15-year-olds in Beijing, Shanghai and the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang ranked No 1 in all three core subjects of reading, science and mathematics.
2018年国际学生评估项目（PISA2018）测试结果显示，我国北京、上海、江苏、浙江四省市15岁学生在阅读、科学、数学三个核心科目中排名第一。国际学生评估项目（PISA2018）测试由经济合作与发展组织（OECD）发起组织，每三年进行一次。
They are followed by students from Singapore and China's two special administrative regions -- Macao and Hong Kong. The top OECD countries were Estonia, Canada, Finland, and Ireland.
排名紧随其后的分别是来自新加坡、澳门以及香港特别行政区的学生。测试成绩排名靠前的经合组织成员国为爱沙尼亚、加拿大、芬兰和爱尔兰。
国际学生评估项目（Program for International Student Assessment，PISA）是经济合作与发展组织（Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development，OECD）于2000年发起的对基础教育进行跨国家（地区）、跨文化的评价项目，目的是对15岁学生的阅读、数学、科学素养和运用知识解决现实问题能力（measure students' ability to use their reading, mathematics and science knowledge and skills to meet real-life challenges）进行评价，反映学生参与未来生活的能力。PISA参与成员主要是OECD成员国家（地区），吸收非成员国家（地区）参加，每三年进行一次，根据测评年份命名。
The OECD's PISA 2018 tested around 600,000 15-year-old students in 79 countries and regions on reading, science, and mathematics. The main focus was on reading, with most students doing the test on computers.
2018年国际学生评估项目共测试了79个国家和地区60万名15岁学生的阅读、科学及数学能力，其中阅读为主要考查科目。大部分学生在计算机上答题。
其他测试结果还包括：
In B-S-J-Z (China), socio-economically advantaged students outperformed disadvantaged students in reading by 82 score points in PISA 2018. This is not significantly different from the average difference between the two groups (89 score points) across OECD countries.
2018年国际学生评估项目（PISA2018）测试结果显示，我国四省市社会经济条件较好的学生在阅读方面的得分比经济条件较差学生高82分，经合组织成员内部这个分数平均差为89分，二者没有明显差异。
School principals in B-S-J-Z (China) reported more staff shortage and less material shortage than the OECD average; and school principals of disadvantaged schools more often reported staff shortage than principals of advantaged schools.
我国四省市校长报告的师资短缺情况高于经合组织平均值，报告的资源短缺情况低于经合组织平均值。条件较差学校的校长报告的师资短缺问题多于条件好的学校校长。
In B-S-J-Z (China), boys outperformed girls in mathematics by 11 score points. Across OECD countries, boys outperformed girls by five score points. While girls slightly outperformed boys in science (by two score points) on average across OECD countries in PISA 2018, in B-S-J-Z (China) boys outperformed girls in science by 12 score points.
我国四省市参与测试的学生中，男生的数学分数比女生高11分，经合组织成员国的男生则比女生高5分。在科学成绩方面，经合组织成员国的女生平均得分略高于男生（高出2分），我国四省市则是男生比女生高出12分。
In almost every education system, girls expressed greater fear of failure than boys, and this gender gap was considerably wider amongst top-performing students.
在几乎所有的参与测试的教育体系中，女生比男生更担心失败，在成绩好的学生中尤其如此。
In B-S-J-Z (China), students spent 31.8 hours in the classroom on average, ranking fourth among all 79 countries and regions. The learning efficiency of students in B-S-J-Z (China) ranked 44th, 46th and 54th for reading, math and science, respectively, and the students' satisfaction about learning only ranked 61st.
我国四省市学生平均校内课堂学习时间为31.8小时/周，在参测国家（地区）中排第4位。我国四省市学生的阅读、数学和科学的学习效率在参测国家（地区）中排名分列第44位、第46位、第54位。我国四省市学生的学习满意度在参测国家（地区）中排第61位。
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China's Standards of English Language Ability（CSE） - 语言理解能力
language comprehension - 全国英语等级考试
Public English Test System, PETS - 大学英语考试
College English Test, CET - 英语专业考试
Test for English Majors, TEM - 商务英语证书
Business English Certificate
