外汇储备
foreign exchange reserves
新中国成立70年来，特别是改革开放40年来，中国经济发展取得举世瞩目的成就，中国成为世界第二大经济体以及制造业、货物贸易、外汇储备第一大国。2018年，中国经济总量跨过90万亿元人民币大关，人均国内生产总值接近1万美元，经济增速6.6%，位居世界前列，对世界经济增长贡献率约30%。
The Chinese economy has achieved tremendous growth since the founding of New China 70 years ago, and especially since the start of reform and opening-up 40 years ago. China is now the world's second largest economy, the largest manufacturer, the largest trader in goods, and holder of the largest foreign exchange reserves. In 2018, the Chinese economy passed the RMB90 trillion yuan mark and per capita GDP was close to US$10,000. Our 6.6 percent economic growth rate, one of the highest in the world, meant that China accounted for around 30 percent of global growth last year.
——2019年6月4日，习近平接受俄罗斯主流媒体联合采访时表示
中国人民银行10月6日发布的数据显示，截至2019年9月末，中国外汇储备规模为30924亿美元，较年初上升197亿美元，升幅0.6%。8月份外汇储备规模保持在31070亿美元。
China had foreign exchange reserves worth $3.0924 trillion on the mainland by the end of September, up 0.6 percent or $19.7 billion from the beginning of this year. In August, the reserves stood at $3.107 trillion, according to data released by the People's Bank of China, the central bank, on Sunday.
外汇储备又称为外汇存底，是一个国家货币当局持有并可以随时兑换外国货币的资产。广义而言，外汇储备是指以外汇计价的资产，包括现钞、黄金、国外有价证券等。外汇储备是一个国家国际清偿力的重要组成部分，同时对于平衡国际收支、稳定汇率有重要的影响。今年以来，在国际形势错综复杂的背景下，我国经济运行总体平稳、稳中有进，主要经济指标处于合理区间，经济结构持续优化，高质量发展积极因素增多。受此支撑，我国外汇市场运行平稳，外汇储备规模小幅波动主要受估值因素影响，规模总体保持稳定。
- 人民币汇率
the RMB exchange rate - 主权债务
sovereign debt - 企业债券
corporate bonds
