五、营造共建共享的核安全氛围
V. Co-building and Sharing Nuclear Safety
有效保障核安全，人的因素最为重要。中国坚持不懈加强核安全文化建设，建立中央督导、地方主导、企业作为、公众参与的核安全公众沟通机制，规范和引导从业人员的思想行为，发动社会公众广泛参与，营造人人有责、人人参与，全行业全社会共同维护核安全的良好氛围。
Human factors are the most important in effectively ensuring nuclear safety. China is committed to strengthening nuclear safety culture. It has established a public communication mechanism for nuclear safety that combines supervision by the central government, guidance by local governments, implementation by enterprises, and participation of the public. It regulates and guides the professional attitude and conduct, and encourages extensive public participation. It has created a positive atmosphere in which everyone shoulders responsibility, everyone participates, and the whole industry and society work together to safeguard nuclear safety.
政府引领推动。政府部门有效发挥政策引导和监督作用，大力倡导“核安全事业高于一切，核安全责任重于泰山，严慎细实规范监管，团结协作不断进取”的核安全精神。积极培育和发展核安全文化，通过思想教育、制度规范、环境熏陶等方式，将法治意识、忧患意识、自律意识、协作意识的核心价值观，贯穿到从业人员的思想和行动中，充分调动和激发人的积极因素。发布《核安全文化政策声明》，开展核安全文化宣传贯彻推进专项行动，建立核安全文化评估机制，让核安全文化内化于心、外化于行，转化为从业人员的自觉行动。依法加强政务公开，建立新闻发言人制度和媒体定期座谈交流制度，开展核安全重大政策信息解读，及时发布许可审批、监督执法、总体安全状况、辐射环境质量、事故事件等权威信息，增强政府工作透明度，保障公众知情权、参与权、监督权。
Government guidance. Government departments give full play to the role of policy guidance and supervision, and promote an awareness of the paramount importance of nuclear safety, a sense of weighty responsibility, a rigorous and meticulous approach to regulation, and a spirit of collaboration for further progress. We should actively cultivate and develop a culture of nuclear safety, and through education, regulations, and positive influences, instill the core values of awareness of the rule of law, vigilance, self-discipline, and cooperation into the thoughts and actions of professionals, so as to fully mobilize and stimulate the positive role of human factors. We have issued the Policy Statement on Nuclear Safety Culture, carried out special actions to promote this culture, and established an assessment mechanism so that nuclear safety culture can be internalized in the mind, externalized into practice, and further transformed into conscious action by professionals. We have increased transparency in the operations of the government in accordance with the law, established a press spokesperson system and a mechanism of regular communication with the media, providing explanations on major nuclear safety policies, and promptly releasing information on licensing examination and approval, surveillance and law enforcement, the overall safety situation, radiation environment quality, and incidents and accidents, with the aim of enhancing the transparency of government work and protecting the public’s right to know, to participate and to supervise.
行业积极作为。涉核企事业单位、研究机构、行业协会等高度重视、积极培育核安全文化，设置专门机构或配置专职人员，积极探索创新核安全文化建设的方式方法，加强质量管理、学习培训、经验反馈、评估改进，将核安全文化有效融入生产、经营、科研、管理等各环节，形成了“凡事有章可循、凡事有人负责、凡事有人验证、凡事有据可查”“以核为先、以合为贵、以和为本”等优秀核安全文化理念。依法公开核安全管理规章制度、核设施安全状况、流出物和周围环境辐射监测数据、年度核安全报告等重要信息，积极回应公众对核能、核安全的关切。
Positive action by the industry. Nuclear-related enterprises, public institutions, research institutes, and trade associations have attached great importance to and actively cultivated nuclear safety culture, setting up special institutions, allocating full-time personnel, and exploring innovative new ideas. We have strengthened quality management, education and training, feedback on experience, evaluation, and improvement, and effectively integrated nuclear safety culture into production, operation, scientific research, and management. Some excellent safety concepts have been generated, such as “rules must be in place; lines of accountability be clear; verification be performed, and documentation be available to refer to”, and “put nuclear issues first, cherish cooperation, and take peace and harmony as the foundation”. We publicize important information in accordance with the law, including nuclear safety management rules and regulations, the safety status of nuclear facilities, radiation monitoring data on effluents and the environment around nuclear facilities, and annual nuclear safety reports, and actively respond to public concerns about nuclear energy and nuclear safety.
社会广泛参与。组织开展“全民国家安全教育日”“公众开放日（周）”“核安全文化进校园、进社区”“科普中国、绿色核能”等各类核科普活动，通过研讨交流、实地体验、媒体宣传等形式，增进全社会对核安全的了解和认识。坚持平等、广泛、便利原则，建立公众广泛参与机制，通过问卷调查、听证会、论证会、座谈会等形式，就事关公众利益的重大核安全事项充分征求意见。在全社会广泛开展核安全宣传教育，搭建科普网络及新媒体平台，建设国家级核科普教育基地，积极开发公众宣传设施和工业旅游项目，纳入领导干部培训和青少年教育体系，引导公众了解核安全、参与核安全、维护核安全。
Extensive public participation. We organize and carry out various activities to popularize nuclear science, such as “National Security Education Day”, “Public Open Day (Week)”, “Nuclear Safety Culture on Campus and in the Community”, and “Popularizing Science in China, Green Nuclear Energy”. Through discussions, field experiences, media publicity and other channels, understanding of nuclear safety is enhanced throughout society. Based on the principles of equality, extensiveness and convenience, we have established a mechanism for broad public participation, and fully solicit opinions on major nuclear safety issues concerning the public interest in the form of questionnaires, hearings, seminars, and feasibility study meetings. We have provided extensive publicity and education on nuclear safety for the whole of society, set up science popularization networks and new media platforms, built national education bases to popularize nuclear science, and developed public publicity facilities and industrial tourism projects. We have included nuclear safety education into the training of officials and the education system for young people, and guided the public to understand, contribute to, and maintain nuclear safety.
