2019年是新中国成立70周年，是决胜全面建成小康社会第一个百年奋斗目标的关键之年。今年全国两会期间，以下这些经济领域热词或将成为代表委员们热议的话题。
GDP growth 国内生产总值增长
As an overall indicator of economic expansion, China's GDP growth target has been set unchanged at around 6.5 percent for two consecutive years from 2017 to 2018. On the provincial level, the majority of China's local governments have lowered the number this year, while over ten provincial regions set the target within a range.
作为经济增长的总体指标，中国的国内生产总值增长目标从2017年到2018年已经连续两年保持在6.5%。在省一级的层面，大部分省份都降低了今年的增长预期，有10多个省将增长目标设定在一个区间内。
- 经济状况 economic situation
- GDP核算 GDP calculation
- 核心指标 core indicator
- 高质量发展 high-quality development
- 工业产出 industrial output
- 增长质量 growth quality
Fiscal deficit 财政赤字
China lowered its 2018 fiscal deficit target, one major part of fiscal policy, to 2.6 percent of its GDP, down from the 3-percent level in 2016 and 2017. The government has vowed to maintain a proactive fiscal policy and further expand issuance of special-purpose local government bonds.
财政赤字是财政政策的重要组成部分，2018年我国的财政赤字目标由2016和2017年占GDP3%下调为2.6%。中央政府已经宣布要保持积极的财政政策，进一步增发地方政府专项债券。
- 税收激励 tax incentive
- 减税降费 cut taxes and administrative fees
- 房产税 property tax
- 免税 tax exemption
Tax reduction 减税
China has been committed to cutting taxes and fees for enterprises and employees in recent years in a bid to boost investment and consumption. Total taxes and fee cuts reached about 1.3 trillion yuan last year.
近几年，我国一直致力于对企业和个人减税降费，以促进投资和消费。去年减税降费总额达1.3万亿元。
- 增值税 value-added tax
- 企业所得税 enterprise income tax
- 免税 tax exemption
- 减税 tax reduction, tax cut
- 收入分配 distribution of income
- 避税地 tax haven
Monetary stance 货币政策
The annual Central Economic Work Conference said China will keep the prudent monetary policy "neither too tight nor too loose" this year while maintaining market liquidity at a reasonably ample level.
中央经济工作会议表示，今年我国将继续保持审慎的货币政策，要松紧适度，保持流动性合理充裕。
- 定向降准 targeted RRR cut
- 注入流动性 inject liquidity
- 货币政策工具 monetary policy tools
- 公开市场操作 open market operation, OMO
- 逆回购 reverse repurchase agreement, reverse repo
Job creation 创造就业
Employment comes first in the six fields the country aims to stabilize in 2019. China first set the goal of surveyed urban unemployment rate in government work report in 2018. Over 13 million urban jobs were created last year, beating the official target of 11 million.
稳就业是我国2019年做好“六稳”工作的首要任务。2018年政府工作报告中首次设定了城镇调查失业率的目标。去年共创造城镇就业岗位1300万个，超出了官方设定的1100万目标。
- 大众创业、万众创新 mass entrepreneurship and innovation
- 就业创业 employment and entrepreneurship
- 慢就业 delayed employment
- 自由职业者 freelancer
- 自主创业 self-employment
- 就业压力 employment pressure
Poverty alleviation 扶贫
As one of the country's "three tough battles," reducing poverty is expected to accelerate this year to achieve the goal of lifting all its rural residents living below current poverty line out of poverty and eliminate poverty in all poor counties and regions by 2020. China still had 16.6 million poor people by the end of 2018.
作为“三大攻坚战”之一，今年的扶贫步伐或将加快，以实现到2020年确保现行标准下农村贫困人口实现脱贫、贫困县全部摘帽的目标。截止2018年底，我国还有1660万贫困人口。
- 精准扶贫 targeted poverty alleviation
- 强制式扶贫 compulsory poverty relief
- 脱贫 get out of poverty/get rid of poverty/be lifted out of poverty
- 贫困线 poverty threshold/poverty line/poverty limit
- 易地扶贫搬迁 relocating the poor
- 扶贫基金 poverty alleviation funds
- 开发式扶贫 development-orientated poverty reduction
Trade growth 贸易增长
China's foreign trade grew at a pace of 9.7 percent year on year in 2018. Greater efforts will be made to increase imports and exports, push for a more diversified export market, and cut institutional costs of importing procedures, according to the Central Economic Work Conference.
2018年，我国的外贸同比增长9.7%。中央经济工作会议指出，要扩大进出口贸易，推动出口市场多元化，削减进口环节制度性成本。
- 区域合作 regional cooperation
- 经济增长 economic growth
- 区域一体化 regional integration
- 营商环境 business environment
- 自由贸易港 free trade port
Property market 房地产市场
This is one of the most popular "two sessions" topics based on a recent online survey. A string of management policies has helped stabilize housing prices, official data showed. The government has called for a long-term mechanism to maintain the sound development of the real estate market and adhering to the principle that "housing is for living in, not speculation."
最近的在线调查显示，房地产市场是最受关注的两会话题之一。官方数据显示，一系列管理政策的实施已经使房价趋于平稳。政府呼吁出台能够帮助房地产市场健康发展的长效机制，坚持“房子是用来住的，不是用来炒的”。
- 首付 down payment
- 按揭贷款 mortgage
- 房产估值 assessed value
- 预售条款 due-on-sale provision
- 固定利率贷款 fixed-rate mortgage
- 房屋限购 purchase limits for real estate
Science and technology innovation board 科创板
The sci-tech board, as well as experiment of registration-based IPOs, are expected to be a highlight of China's capital market reforms this year. Preparation has been in high gear since its proposal last November. It is expected to be rolled out as early as the first half of this year.
科创板和股票发行注册制将是今年我国资本市场改革的重点。自去年11月提出以来，各项准备工作已经在迅速推进。最早有望在今年上半年推出。
- 沪港通 Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect
- 跨境资金流动 cross-border capital flow
- 绩优股 blue chip
- 成长股 growth stock
- 交易所交易基金 Exchange Traded Fund, ETF
- 期货 futures
- 退市 delisting
- 上市公司 listed companies
- 外资 foreign capital
Foreign investment 外商投资
A draft of China's foreign investment law will be submitted to the upcoming annual session of the top legislature, National People's Congress. Once adopted, it will help China attract more foreign investment and better protect foreign investors' legitimate rights and interests.
今年全国人大会议期间，《外商投资法（草案）》将提交人大审议。如果通过，该法将会吸引更多外国投资，更好地保护外国投资者的合法权益。
- 投资环境 investment environment
- 贸易便利化 trade facilitation
- 贸易自由化 trade liberalization
- 浮动汇率体系 floating exchange rate system
