The Whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for nonconformists. The Tories were traditionalists who wanted to preserve the powers of the monarchy and the church of England.
辉格党人是指哪些反对绝对主权，支持新教徒宗教自由权利的人，托利党人是指那些支持世袭王权的人。
During the late 19th and early 19th centuries the open-field system ended when the Enclosure acts enabled weal their landowner to seize any land to which tenants could prove no legal title.
18世纪末19世纪初，《圈地法》地颁布使较富有的土地主摄取佃农不能证明合法的土地，因此“开放田地”结束。
The industrial revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent change in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
工业革命指17世纪末，18世纪初英国工业的机械化，以及因此而导致的社会结构和经济结构的变化。
The limited monarchy which resulted from the powerful economic interests in the community could exert their influence on Government policy.
君主权利的限制，使得强大的经济利益集团能对议会政策施加影响。
The first steam engine was devised by Thomas newcomer at the end of 17th century, and the Scottish inventor james watt modified and improved the design in 1765.
十七世纪末，托马斯。纽卡墨设计了第一台蒸气机，苏格兰发明家詹姆斯。华特修改并改良了设计方案（1765）。
As a result of the industrial revolution, Britain was by 1830 the "workshop of the world".
作为工业革命的结果，英国到1830年止成为“世界工场”。
In the 18th and 19th centuries, the lords had far more influence than it has today and the commons were also really gentry on the edge of aristocracy.
18世纪和19世纪，上议院比今日的影响大的多，并且下议院处于贵族的边缘上，也相当“贵气”。
The chartist movement was, however, the first nationwide working class movement and drew attention to serious problems.
宪章运动是第一次全国范围的工人运动，引起了对许多严重问题的关注。
In 1900, representatives of the trade unions, the ILP, and a number of socialist societies set up the labour representation for the general which changed its name to the labour party in time for the general election for 1906.
1900年，工会代表，独立工党和许多小型社会主义社团一起成立叻工人代表委员会。1906年的大选迫使工人代表委员会及时更名为工党。
English colonial expansion began with the colonization of Newfoundland in 1583. By 1900 Britain had built up a big empire, "on which the sun never set".
英国殖民扩张始于1583年纽芬兰的殖民化，到1900年，英国已经建立了“太阳永不落”的大英帝国。
During world warⅠ， Britain lost over a million people, most of them under age of 25.
一战中英国死亡100多万人口，大多数为25岁以下的年轻人。
Chamberlain was not the man to lead his country in such a crisis, Winston Churchill, his first lord of admiralty took over as Prime Minster in 1940.
张伯伦在危急关头不能领导国家，因此他的首相温斯顿·邱吉尔于1940年接替首相职位。
In January, 1973, Britain finally became a member of the Europe Economic Community, which was established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957.
1973年1月，英国只能终于成为欧洲经济共同体的正式成员国，共同体是根据1957年的《罗马条例》成立的。
The election of 1979 returned the conservative party to power and Margaret Chatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain.
1979年的选举令保守党再次上台，玛格丽特，撒切尔成为英国首位女首相。
