学科
- 中医
①traditional Chinese medicine②traditional Chinesephysician
①中医学的简称。②本学科专业职业队伍。 - 中药
Chinesemateria medica
在中医理论指导下应用的药物。包括中药材、中药饮片和中成药等。 - 中医学
traditionalChinese medicine
以中医药理论与实践经验为主体，研究人类生命活动中健康与疾病转化规律及其预防、诊断、治疗、康复和保健的综合性科学。 - 中药学
Chinese materiamedica
中药学科的统称。研究中药基本理论和各种药材饮片、中成药的来源、采制、性能、功效、临床应用等知识的学科。 - 中医药
traditionalChinese medicine and pharmacology - 本草
Materia medica - 中药
Chinese materiamedica，Chinese medicinals(包括植物药、动物药、矿物药等） - 中草药
Chinese HerbalMedicine,Chinese medicinal herbs - 中药学
Chinese pharmaceutics - 药材
Medicinalsubstance(material) - 中西医结合
integration of traditional and western medicine - 中医基础理论
basictheory of traditional Chinese medicine - 中医诊断学
diagnostics of traditional Chinese medicine - 方剂学
prescriptions of Chinese materia medica，
Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae/ prescriptions - 中医内科学
internal medicine of traditional Chinese medicine
阴阳The Theory of Yinand Yang
- 阴阳对立
Opposition of yin and yang - 阴阳制约
Restriction of/between yin and yang - 阴阳互根
Interdependence of yin and yang - 阴阳消长
Waxing and waning of yin and yang - 阴阳转化
Inter-transformation of yin and yang
五行学说 The Theory of Five Elements
- 五行
water, fire, wood, metal, soil - 生
promote, generate,engender - 克
act, restrict, restrain - 乘
overact, over-restrict, over-restrain, subjugate, overwhelm - 侮
counteract, counter-restrict, counter-restrain, rebel
整体观念 concept of organicwholeness
- 辩证法
dialectics - 生长化收藏
sprouting, growth, transformation, ripening, storage - 内外环境统一性
the unity between the internal and external environments - 机体自身整体性
the integrity of the body itself - 古代唯物论和辩证法
classic Chinese materialism and dialectics - 矛盾统一
the contradictory unity - 互相联系、相互影响
related to each other and influence each other - 标本
Biao (secondary aspect) and Ben (primary aspect) - 本质与现象
nature and phenomena - 矛盾的普遍性和特殊性
universality and speciality of contradictions - 寒者热之
cold disease should be treated by warm therapy - 热者寒之
warm disease should be treated by cold therapy - 虚者补之
deficiency syndrome should be treated by tonifying therapy - 实者泻之
excess syndrome should be treated by purgation therapy - 治病必求其本
Treatment of diseases must concentrate on the root cause - 同病异治
treatment of the same disease with different therapeutic methods - 异病同治
treatment of different diseases with the same therapeutic method
精气神
- 清阳为天
the lucid Yang ascends to form the heaven - 浊阴为地
the turbid Yin descends to constitute the earth - 气化
qi transformation - 升降出入
ascending,descending, going out, coming in - 出入废则神机化灭，升降息则气立孤危。
if the activities of going out and coming into stop, the transforming mechanism of Shen (Spirit) will be damaged; if the activities of ascending and descending stop, Qi will be immediately isolated and endangered. - 精气
jingqi (Essential-Qi) - 先天之精
prenatal essence - 后天之精
postnatal essence - 神
Shen (spirit) - 形神学说
the theory of body and spirit - 形与神俱
the body and the Shen (Spirit) exist simultaneously - 形神统一
the unity between the body and the Shen (Spirit)
治则
- 病邪
pathogenicfactors - 正气存内，邪不可干。
Sufficient Healthy-Qi inside the body will prevent invasion of pathogenic factors. - 邪之所凑，其气必虚。
The region where pathogenic factors invades must be deficient in Qi. - 顺四时而适寒暑，和喜怒而安居处
Abidance to the changes of the four seasons, active adapation to cold and heat, harmony of emotional changes and peaceful living. - 养生防病，延年益寿
cultivating health, preventing disease and prolonging life
气血津液
- 气化
qi transformation - 气机
qi movement - 元气（原气）
primordial ( yuan qi) - 真气
genuine qi (zhenqi) - 宗气
pectoral qi (zong qi) - 营气
nutritive qi( yingqi) - 卫气
defensive qi(wei qi) - 气的推动功能
promoting action of Qi - 气的温煦功能
warming actionof Qi - 气的防御功能
defending action of Qi - 气的固摄功能
controlling action of Qi - 气的气化功能
action of Qi Transformation
血
- 水谷精微
cereal essence - 营气和津液
nutrient qiand body fluid - 营养和滋润
nourishing and moistening - 血主濡之。
Blood is responsible for nurturing body. - 中焦受气取汁，变化而赤，是谓血。
The middle energizer receives qi, takes the juice and transforms into red liquid called blood. - 血虚
blood deficiency/asthenia - 血瘀
blood stasis/stagnation - 血热
blood-heat - 血寒
blood-cold - 出血
hemorrhage
津液
- 津液
Body fluid /Jin and Ye - 稠厚度
thickness - 成分，功能，分布
property, function, distribution - 分泌物
secreta - 胆汁、肠液、鼻涕、眼泪、汗液、尿液
gastric juice, intestinal juice, nasal discharge, tears, sweat, urine - 形成
formation - 分布
distribution - 排泄
excretion - 脾的传输
transmitting of thespleen - 肺的宣降
dispersing and descenging of the lung - 肾的蒸腾气化
steaming and transforming of the kidney - 三焦为通道
the triple energizerserve as the passage-way - 饮入于胃，游溢精气，上输于脾，脾气散精，上归于肺，通调水道，下输膀胱，水精四布，五经并行。
After food and water have entered the stomach, they are digested and transformed into food essence and then, transmitted upward to the spleen, which disperses the essence upward to the lung and the lung regulates water pathways downward to the urinary bladder. And by doing so body fluid is finally disseminated to all parts of the body along all the meridians and collaterals. - 津液由胃中消化吸收、小肠进行分清别浊、脾运化的水谷中形成；津液的分布和排泄由许多脏腑组织共同完成，如脾的运化功能、肺的宣发肃降功能、肾的蒸发沉降功能；津液以三焦为通道进行分布和排泄。
Body fluid is formed from food and water by digestion and absorption of the stomach, separating the clarity from the turbidity of the small intestine and tramformation of the spleen; the distribution and excretion of body fluid are accomplished by the joint action of many zang-fu organ, such as the transforming function of the spleen, the dispersing and descending function of the lung, the steaming and ascending function of the kidney; and body fluid takes triple energizer as its passage way for distribution and excretion.
藏象学说 The Theory of Visceral Manifestation
- 脏腑
the internalorgans, viscera. - 藏/脏
solid organs, viscera, depots, zang organs, yin organs - 府/腑
hollow organs, bowels (the intestines), palaces, fu organs, yang organs - 五脏
five viscera,five zang organs, the yin organs - 六腑
six bowels, six fu organs, the yang organs - 心，肝，脾，肺，肾
heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney - 胆，胃，大肠，小肠，膀胱，三焦
gallbladder, stomach, large intestine, smallintestine, (urinary) bladder, triple energizer/burner - 奇恒之腑
extraordinary fu organs - 脑、髓、骨、脉、胆、女子胞
brain, marrow, bone, vessel, gallbladder, uterus - 心包
pericardium - 上/中/下焦
upper/ middle/lower energizer/burner - 命门
gate of life, life gate, vital gate, gate of vitality - 苗窍
signal orifice - 膻中
thoracic center - 膜（募）原
interior-exteriorinterspace - 五神
five emotions - 五华
five lustre - 五体
five bodyconstituents - 五志
five minds - 五液
five humors - 七情
seven emotions - 膏肓
cardio-diaphgramaticinterspace - 丹田
Dantan /Elixir field - 赤白肉际
dorso-ventral boundary (of the hand or foot), - 血府
blood vessel - 髓府
bone - 血海
liver (orconception vessel) - 髓海
brain - 血室
uterus (orconception vessel) - 精室
life gate - 藏精气而不泻
storing essencewithout leaking - 传化物而不藏
digesting andtransporting food and drink without storing essence /transform food into essence but not store it - 心主血脉。
The heart governs the blood and (blood ) vessels.
The heart regulates the flow of blood.(circulation) - 心藏神。
The heart stores the spirit. - 心开窍于舌。
The heart opens into the tongue. - 舌为心之苗窍。
The tongue is the sprout of the heart. - 心，其华在面。
The Heart’s brilliance manifests in the face.
The heart’s bloom is in the face.
The heart has its outward manifestations on theface. - 心与小肠相表里。
The heart stands in interior-exterior relationship with the small intestine. - 肺主气，通调水道。
The lung governs qi.
The lung regulates the waterways.
The lungs move and adjust the Water Channels. - 肺主皮毛。
The lung governs the skin and [body] hair.
The lung is in charge of the body surface. - 肺合皮毛。
The lung is interrelated with the skin and [body]hair.
The brilliance of the Lungs manifests in the bodyhair.
In other words, the Lungs regulate the secretion of sweat, the moistening of the skin, and resistance to External Pernicious Influences. - 肺开窍于鼻。
The lung opens at thenose. - 鼻为息道。The nose is the“thoroughfare for respiration”.
Many common nose and throat disorders aretherefore treated through the Lungs. - 肺与大肠相表里。
The lung stands in interior-exterior relationship with the large intestine.
The lung governs qi and the heart governs blood. - 肺为贮痰之器，脾为生痰之源。
The lung is the receptacle that holds phlegm and the spleen is the source of phlegm formation. - 肺为气之主，肾为气之根。
The lung is the governor of qi and the kidney is the root of qi. - 肺主一身之表。
The lung is in charge of the body surface. - 肺主气，司呼吸。
The lung governs qi, performs respiration/controlls breathing - 主宣发肃降
governs disseminating, cleansing and descending/ governs diffusion, purification and descending - 通调水道
regulates the waterways - 肺朝百脉,主治节
The lung connecting all vessels/The lung faces all the blood vessels, governs management and regulation - 脾主运化水谷，输布精微。
The spleen governs movement （transportation) and transformation of grain and water and distribution of its essence. - 脾统血。
The spleen manages the blood. - 脾主肌肉和四肢，开窍于口。
The spleen governs the flesh and limbs, and opens into the mouth. - 胃主受纳和腐熟水谷。
Take in, food intake
Decompose, digest food into chyme
The stomach governs intake and decomposition (digestion) of grain and water. - 升清
Send clarity (pure) upward - 小肠主泌别清浊。
The small intestine governs separation of theclear and the turbid. - 大肠主传化糟粕。
the large intestine governs transformation and conveyance of waste. - 肝主疏泄。
The liver governs free coursing, which refers toliver qi’s physiological function of ensuring smooth free flow (of qi and blood).
Ensuring smooth and regular floe of qi; - 胆汁的化生和排泄
Secretion and discharge of bile
Emotional disturbance: mental depression, impatience,etc. - 肝藏血。
The liver stores blood. - 肝藏血是指肝有贮存血液和调节血量的作用。
The liver is capable of retaining blood and regulating the amount of blood in the body. - 食气入胃，淫精于肝。
Food qi enters the stomach and sends essence to the liver. - 肝主筋，其华在爪。
The liver governs the sinews; its bloom is the nails. - 肝主筋。爪为筋之余。肝，其华在爪。
The liver governs the sinews: the movement of all the sinews of the body is associated with the liver. - 肝开窍于目。
The liver opens atthe eyes. - 肾藏精，主生长、发育和生殖。
The kidney stores essence (or essential qi), andis responsible for growth, development, and reproduction. （maturation) - 肾主骨、生髓。
The kidney governs the bones and engenders marrow. - 肾主水。
The kidney governs water. - 肾开窍于耳和二阴。其华在发。
The kidney opens into the ears and the two yin(the two private parts: the urethra and anus) and its bloom is in the hair of the head. - 滋养和濡润
moisten and nourish - 推动和温煦
warm and activate - 化生和贮藏精气
produce and store essence - 受盛和传化水谷
receive, trsport and transform water and food - 有诸内，必形诸外。
Viscera inside the body must manifest themselves externally.
病因 Etiology
- 邪，病邪
Evil; Pathogenic factor; Pathogen - 六淫
six excesses; six exogenous pathogenic factors; six climatic pathogenic factors; Six external pernicious influences - 风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火
wind, cold,summer-heat, dampness, dryness,fire - 外感六淫
diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor - 六气
Six qi; Six natural factors;Six climatic factors; Six climatic influences；Six exogenous qi - 疫疠（疠气）
Pestilence; pestilential qi - 内生五邪
Five Endogenous Pathogenic Factors; Five Internal Pernicious Influences - 七情
seven emotions; seven affects - 喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊
joy, anger, melancholy (sadness, worry), anxiety (pensiveness, contemplation), grief (sorrow), fear, fright - 七情内伤
internal damage due to seven emotions - 饮食
Improper diet; imbalanced diet - 内伤脾胃，百病由生。
Internal damage of the spleen and stomach will result in the occurrence of various diseases./The occurrence of various diseases may result from the internal damage of the spleen and stomach. - 外伤
traumaticinjuries - 跌打损伤，金刃伤，虫兽咬伤
Traumatic injuries due to fall, cuts, insect or animal bites - 痰饮
Phlegm－fluid - 瘀血
Blood stasis
