一、时间介词的用法辨析
1. 时间介词in、on、at、by的用法辨析
- 介词in用来表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次等。如:in the morning
- 介词on用来表示某一天或星期几,指明具体的时间。如:on a rainy day
- 介词at用来表示特定的时间、节日、年龄等。如:at noon
- 介词by表示…的时候、到、等到…已经等用在天、时间的前面。如:by 2 o‘clock
2. 时间介词in与after 的用法辨析
- 介词in + 一段时间用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go to school in two weeks.
- 介词after + 一段时间用于一般过去时。如:My mother came home after half an hour.
- 介词after + 时间点常用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go out for a walk after supper.
3. 时间介词for与since的用法辨析
- 介词for 表示一段时间如:I have been living here for 10 years.
- 介词since 表示从过去某一时间以来如:I have been living here since 2000.
4. 时间介词during与for的用法辨析
- 当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如:He swims every day during the summer.
- 如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如:I haven’t seen her for years.
5. 时间介词before与by的用法辨析
- 介词before表示“在…之前”如:He won’t come back before five .
- 介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”如:The work must be finished by Friday.
6. 时间介词till与until用法的异同
- till和until用在肯定句中,均可表示“直到…为止”,如:I will wait till(until)seven o'clock.
- till和until用在否定句中,均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。如:Tom didn't come back till(until)midnight.
- till多用于普通文体,而 until则用于多种文体,并且在句子开头时,用until而不用till。如:Until he comes back,nothing can be done.
7. 不用介词表达时间的几种情况
- 当表示时间的词前有this, that时,其前面不用介词,如:this morning
- 当表示时间的词前有next时,其前面不用介词,如:next Sunday
- 当表示时间的词前有last时,其前面不用介词,如:last Sunday
- 当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时,其前面不用介词,如:You can come any day.
二、方位介词与地点介词的用法辨析
1. 方位介词on, over, above的用法辨析
- 介词on表示一物放在另一物上面,两者紧贴在一起,如:The book is on the table.
- 介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在…上方”,如:Is there any bridge over the river?
- 介词above表示一般的“高于…”,“在…之上”,如:There was an electric clock above his bed.
2. 方位介词under与below的用法辨析
- 介词under是over的反义词即“在…下方”,如:They were seen under the tree.
- 介词below是above的反义词即“低于…”,“在…之下”,如:They live below us.
3. 方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析
- 介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,强调从表面穿过。如:She went across the street to make some purchases.
- 介词through着重于“穿越”,强调从一定的空间内穿过。如:The sunlight was coming in through the window.
- 介词over多表示从“上方越过”,如:He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.
- 介词past表示从“面前经过”,如:Someone has just gone past the window.
4. 方位介词in、on、at的用法辨析
- 介词in表示“排、行、组”,如:We are in Team One.
- 介词on表示“左、右”,如:Li Ping is on my left.
- 介词at表示“前、后”,如:I sit at the front of the classroom.
5. 方位介词to、for的用法辨析
- 介词to表示目的地或去的目的,如:Will you take a train to Tianjin.
- 介词for表示动身去某地,如:He got on a train for Shanghai.
6. 地点介词at与in的用法辨析
- 介词at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等,如:He lives at a small village.
- 介词in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等,如:He lives in Beijing.
7. 地点介词at与on的用法辨析
- 介词at用于门牌号,如:He lives at No.200, Nanjing Road.
- 介词on用于路名,如:He lives on Nanjing Road.
8. 地点介词in、on、to的用法辨析
- 介词in表示“包含”如:Beijing is in the north of Chin
- 介词on表示“紧邻”如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S.
- 介词to表示“没接触”如:France lies to the south of England.
三、其他易混介词的用法辨析
1. 动作介词to与toward的用法辨析
- 介词to表示向某处移动,如:They were driving to work together.
- 介词toward 表示移向某处,如:We're moving toward the light.
2. 原因介词because、as、for的用法辨析
- 介词because表示“因为;由于”指直接的、明确的原因,回答why的问句,语气最强。如:The boy was absent because he was ill.
- 介词as表示“由于;鉴于”指一种显而易见、谈话双方已知的理由。如:She stayed at home as she had no car.
- 介词for表示 “因为;由于”指一种间接原因,甚至只是一种附带的说明。如:It must have rained last night, for the road is wet.
3. 材料介词of和from的用法
- 介词of用于成品与材料的性质不变时,如:The desk is made of wood.
- 介词from用于成品与材料的性质已变时,如:Wine is made from grapes.
4. 表示“用”的介词in、with、by的用法辨析
- 介词in表示“用材料、语言”如:Can you say it in English?
- 介词with表示“用工具、某物”如:with a pen
- 介词by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”如:He prefers traveling by car.
5. 介词between与among的用法辨析
- 介词between 表示“在两者之间”如:Don’t sit between the two girls.
- 介词among表示“在…当中(三者或以上)”如:They lived among the mountains in the past.
6. 介词besides与except的用法辨析
- 介词besides表示“除…之外(全部计算在内)”如:We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang.
- 介词except表示“除…之外(不计算在内)”如:We are all Chinese except Tomin our class.