一些看似简单的词语要想翻译准确却并不容易。“搬运工”就是一例。看到“搬运工”,可能首先会想到carry和move,实际上英文“搬运工”和carry没有关系,move也只用于描述一类搬运工。没错,英文的一个特点就是爱“分门别类”,同样一个“搬运工”,因为工作内容差别就会有不同的说法。“谷歌”翻译将“搬运工”译为porter。这么翻可以说对,也可以说不对,因为离开了语境谈翻译没有意义。Porter确实是“搬运工”,但它只用于酒店的搬运工,可被称为“行李员”,也有叫“门童”的。
《韦氏词典》对porter的相关定义一种常见的“搬运工”在仓库等地搬运产品,这类“搬运工”被称为materials/material handler。某网站对这一工作的描述:
Material handlers work in warehouses and production facilities to move products. This might mean finding materials on the shelves and wrapping them and putting them on a delivery truck, or pulling materials off the truck and putting them in the proper shelf spot. Material handlers make sure production areas are fully stocked and have the products they need to fulfill orders and move quickly, sometimes working with automated machines or sensors to fulfill the orders. Material handlers are on their feet all day, working long hours and must be strong enough to lift boxes for full shifts.(https://www.snagajob.com/job-descriptions/material-handler/)
一些箱子上写的Handle with care就是对这些handler说的。
离开仓库,在码头上从事搬运工作的人又有自己的称呼:longshoreman,意思是a person who loads and unloads ships at a seaport。
另外一种常见的搬运工是搬家工人,他们被称为mover。
《韦氏词典》对mover的定义Mover也可以指有影响力的人,一个常见用法是mover and shaker,意思a person who is active or influential in some field of endeavor。另一个和mover有关的表达是first-mover advantage,即首先进入某一领域企业所获得的竞争优势,中文有译为“先驱优势”的。
(中国翻译研究院)