在美国和墨西哥边境安置进入美国的非法移民年幼子女的场所被称为tender age shelters。近日看到一篇译自《牛津词典》网站,专门分析该表达的文章,文中将其译为“嫩龄避难所”。“嫩龄”这一表述让笔者感到非常不适,这种简单的直译给人一种草草交差的感觉,完全没有考虑译文读者的阅读体验。将“嫩龄”改为“幼童”会顺畅很多。
但随着对tender age shelter这一表述的了解越发深入,笔者对于“嫩龄”的看法也产生了变化。先介绍一些背景知识。tender age是一个常见表达,一般用在at the tender age of…这样的结构中。《韦氏词典》对其解释的例句如下:
美国官方对于tender age的定义:What classifies a child as 'tender age'? Border Patrol officials said children under 5 fall under the definition of "tender age."
Border Patrol chiefs in the field have generally referred to children "of less than 5 being tender age," Hastings said.
But according to an official from the Department of Health and Human Services, a "tender age" child can be up to 13 years old.(https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/tender-age-shelters/story?id=56028638)
将这些机构称为tender age shelters,而不是young children shelters很可能不是随便做出的决定。《牛津词典》网站专门介绍这一表达的文章中提到:
… ‘tender age’ – recorded in the 1400s – evoking youthful vulnerability in need of warm love and care.(https://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2018/06/22/weekly-word-watch-tender-age-shelter-gaming-disorder-donug/)
也就是说,特朗普当局使用tender age很可能是想通过这个表达表明这些孩子很柔弱,需要这些shelters。另一方面,tender age的这一含义也引发了关于它争议。在来自《牛津词典》网站的那篇文章中,还有这样一段话:
The public was not deaf to the Orwellian euphemism of tender age shelter. As linguist John McWhorter cut through for CNN: ‘The purpose of such language is to mask the cruel detention of these bewildered children in internment compounds, done in an effort to penalize their parents for attempting to enter America, some illegally.’
在传递特朗普当局想要表达的“呵护”幼儿之意,为进一步的争议做铺垫上,“幼童”显得有些平淡了,没有体现与young children的差异。从这一角度考量,“嫩龄”更能激发人们对幼儿的同情,不过笔者认为这不足以弥补其在构词上的生硬。
在自然与意思上寻求平衡,tender age shelter中的tender age或可译为“稚嫩儿童”。另外一种笔者更偏爱的处理方式是把“稚嫩”挪到shelter里,将tender age shelter译为“幼童关怀站”,从“关怀”体现“稚嫩”。除了比“稚嫩儿童避难所”简洁外,在意思层面上,一方面原文在一些人眼中含有的Orwellian意味得到了保留甚至加强,另一方面,对于支持这些shelter的特朗普当局官员来说,这种处理也挑不出什么问题,甚至更清晰地表达了他们对儿童的关爱。
(中国翻译研究院)