区别辨析have、hold、own、possess、keep与enjoy

have、hold、own、possess、keep与enjoy这些动词均有“有、具有、持有”之意。

have : 最常用词,可指任何情况下的具有,无论是物质的或精神的。

  • They have a beautiful home.
    他们有一个漂亮的家。
  • He has plenty of money but no style.
    他有很多钱但没有品位。
  • I've got two brothers.
    我有两个兄弟。
  • Do you have time to finish the report today?
    你今天有时间写完报告吗?
  • I've got a suggestion/an idea.
    我有个建议/主意。

hold : 指拥有并保持财产及持有见解等,暗示不让别人拿走或占有。

  • Employees hold 30% of the shares.
    雇员持有30%的股份。
  • He currently holds the position of technical manager.
    他目前担任技术经理的职务。
  • The bank holds large reserves of gold.
    这家银行拥有大量的黄金储备。
  • Despite incurring heavy losses, the rebels now hold the town and the surrounding hills.
    叛军尽管损失惨重,但现在控制了该镇及其周围的小山。

own不及本组的possess正式,多指所属关系,强调所有权,不管所属物是否在物主手中。

  • We own our house.
    我们拥有自己的房子。
  • I've never owned a suit in my life.
    我这辈子从没拥有过一套西装。

possess : 较正式,指拥有或占有并能加以控制与支配,强调其归属;也指具有某种品质、才能、特点或性能等。

  • I don't possess a single DVD (= I don't have even one DVD).
    我一张DVD光盘都没有。
  • In the past the root of this plant was thought to possess magical powers.
    过去这种植物的根被认为具有神奇的力量。
  • He was charged with possessing a shotgun without a licence.
    他被控无照拥有猎枪。
  • The gallery possesses a number of the artist's early works.
    这座画廊藏有那位画家的一些早期作品。

keep : 指长时间地保有,保存某物,防止别人占去,强调安全和感情上的依附。

  • Do you want this photograph back or can I keep it?
    你想要回这张照片,还是我留着它?
  • Keep medicines in a locked cupboard (= store them there).
    将药存放在上锁的橱柜里。

enjoy : 指享有某种权利或长处,带有欣赏或喜爱的情感。

  • People in this country enjoy a high standard of living.
    这个国家的人民享有很高的生活水平。
  • Even though he's 86, he enjoys excellent health.
    虽然都86岁高龄了,他身体依然很健康。