have、hold、own、possess、keep与enjoy这些动词均有“有、具有、持有”之意。
have : 最常用词,可指任何情况下的具有,无论是物质的或精神的。
- They have a beautiful home.
他们有一个漂亮的家。 - He has plenty of money but no style.
他有很多钱但没有品位。 - I've got two brothers.
我有两个兄弟。 - Do you have time to finish the report today?
你今天有时间写完报告吗? - I've got a suggestion/an idea.
我有个建议/主意。
hold : 指拥有并保持财产及持有见解等,暗示不让别人拿走或占有。
- Employees hold 30% of the shares.
雇员持有30%的股份。 - He currently holds the position of technical manager.
他目前担任技术经理的职务。 - The bank holds large reserves of gold.
这家银行拥有大量的黄金储备。 - Despite incurring heavy losses, the rebels now hold the town and the surrounding hills.
叛军尽管损失惨重,但现在控制了该镇及其周围的小山。
own不及本组的possess正式,多指所属关系,强调所有权,不管所属物是否在物主手中。
- We own our house.
我们拥有自己的房子。 - I've never owned a suit in my life.
我这辈子从没拥有过一套西装。
possess : 较正式,指拥有或占有并能加以控制与支配,强调其归属;也指具有某种品质、才能、特点或性能等。
- I don't possess a single DVD (= I don't have even one DVD).
我一张DVD光盘都没有。 - In the past the root of this plant was thought to possess magical powers.
过去这种植物的根被认为具有神奇的力量。 - He was charged with possessing a shotgun without a licence.
他被控无照拥有猎枪。 - The gallery possesses a number of the artist's early works.
这座画廊藏有那位画家的一些早期作品。
keep : 指长时间地保有,保存某物,防止别人占去,强调安全和感情上的依附。
- Do you want this photograph back or can I keep it?
你想要回这张照片,还是我留着它? - Keep medicines in a locked cupboard (= store them there).
将药存放在上锁的橱柜里。
enjoy : 指享有某种权利或长处,带有欣赏或喜爱的情感。
- People in this country enjoy a high standard of living.
这个国家的人民享有很高的生活水平。 - Even though he's 86, he enjoys excellent health.
虽然都86岁高龄了,他身体依然很健康。