draft、outline、diagram、plot、sketch与blueprint既可作动词也可作名词用,作动词时均有“绘制”之意,作名词时都含“草图”之意。
draft : 用作动词时指按准确比例设计或打样;作名词时专指精确的草图或草案。
- This is only a rough draft - the finished article will have pictures too.
这只是一个粗略的草稿——定稿后的文章中还会有一些图片。 - She asked me to check the (first) draft of her proposal.
她请我检查一下她的(第一稿)提案草稿。
outline : 主要给出事物要点或轮廓,强调简化了的整体。
- She drew the outline of the boat and then coloured it in.
她画了这只船的草图,然后给它着色。
diagram : 侧重指用图形、图表等来说明。
- The teacher drew a diagram showing how the blood flows through the heart.
老师画了一张示意图来说明血液如何进出心脏。
plot : 可与draft和diagram换用,但侧重于表示具体的点、面、部分或目标,从而使相互关系以及和整体的关系得以明确。
- They used a computer to plot the movements of everyone in the building.
他们使用了一台计算机绘制这座建筑里每个人的活动图表。
sketch : 指用图、模型或语言描述来表示某一事物的整体情况。
- The art students were told to sketch the landscape.
艺术专业的学生被告知要画一张实地风景素描。 - When I have some spare time, I like to sketch.
有空闲的时候,我喜欢画素描。 - The artist has sketched out a design for the new school.
这位艺术家已勾勒出了新学校的设计图。
blueprint : 主要指绘制蓝图或制定纲领或规划。这个词引申用来指详细而具体的行动计划。
- their blueprint for economic reform
他们的经济改革计划 - The country's president will offer delegates his blueprint for the country's future.
该国总统会向代表们展示他构想的国家未来发展的蓝图。