区别辨析difference、distinction、discrepancy与discrimination

这些名词都有“差别,区别”之意。

difference : 普通用词,可指事物本质上的差异或数量上的差额,也可指事物在某一方面的差别,还可指人们之间的不同意见。

  • What's the difference between an ape and a monkey?
    猿和猴有什么区别?
  • Is there any significant difference in quality between these two items?
    这两件东西在质量方面有明显的差别吗?

distinction : 较正式用词,除指事物在本质上的差别外,还指在某一方面或某一细节上的区分,要在认真观察、研究后才易觉察。

  • There's a clear distinction between the dialects spoken in the two regions.
    这两个地区的方言有着明显的不同。
  • This company makes no distinction between the sexes.
    这家公司男女平等。
  • distinctions between traditional and modern societies
    传统社会和现代社会的差别
  • Philosophers did not use to make a distinction between arts and science.
    哲学家过去习惯不把艺术和科学区别开来。
  • We need to draw a distinction between the two events.
    我们得把两起事件区别开来。

discrepancy : 多用于言论和记述方面,指两物之间缺乏使之相似或平衡的协调。

  • There is some discrepancy between the two accounts.
    这两份账单之间有一些出入。
  • The committee is reportedly unhappy about the discrepancy in numbers.
    据说委员会对数字不一致很不满。

discrimination : 侧重指在判断、见识方面的差别,也可指待遇上的区别。

  • racial/sex/age discrimination
    种族/性别/年龄歧视
  • Until 1986 most companies would not even allow women to take the exams, but such blatant discrimination is now disappearing.
    直至1986年大多数公司甚至还不允许女性参加这种考试,但目前这种明目张胆的歧视做法正在消失。